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Human rights in Germany are protected extensively by the ''Grundgesetz''. The country has ratified most international human rights treaties. Reports from independent organizations such as Amnesty International certify a high level of compliance with human rights, while still pointing out several issues, in particular police brutality〔http://www.strafrecht-online.org/pdf.tacheles-polizeigewalt〕 and mistreatment of refugees. The 2008 Freedom in the World report by US-funded Freedom House gives Germany a score of "1" (the best possible) for both political rights and civil liberties. ==Law== The constitution of Germany, the ''Grundgesetz'', which came into effect in 1949, puts a particular emphasis on human rights. Its first sentence, "Human dignity is inviolable", is being interpreted as protecting the sum of human rights. This paragraph is protected by an "eternity clause" and cannot be changed. It has wide-ranging effects on judicial practice; for example, it has been used to justify the right on Informational self-determination in a 1983 finding of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany. However, following experiences from the Weimar Republic, Germany sees itself as a ''wehrhafte Demokratie'' (fortified democracy); actions targeted towards removing the democratic order are not covered by human rights. The constitution guarantees all rights from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (which itself is not legally binding), with the exception of an unlimited right for asylum. The ratification of the European Convention on Human Rights allows citizens to appeal to the European Court of Human Rights. Mandatory military service for male citizens was established in 1956.〔German law: ''Wehrpflichtgesetz (WehrPflG) vom Juli 1956, Fundstelle: BGBl I 1956, 651, Neugefasst durch Bek. v. 30. 5.2005 I 1465'' (see (wording of the law ))〕 At any time, conscientious objectors can opt to do ''Zivildienst'' (civilian service) instead. For the time of both services, many human rights such as freedom of movement are suspended. Since 1 July 2011, the government no longer has the ability to exercise the right under this article, that is, military service is currently ''de facto'' voluntary in Germany. However, there are no plans to abolish laws allowing conscription.〔(FAZ: Wehrpflicht wird zum 1. Juli 2011 ausgesetzt (german) )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Human rights in Germany」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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